Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or B on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 37.
Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing at least 5,000 years, but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings. When writing developed, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today, there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk: a normal man cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write; in the past, many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so imperfectly.
To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not to disparage the later. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.
The word “doubtless” in the passage mostly means _________.
A. “almost uncertainly”
B. “almost certainly”
C. “almost impossibly”
D. “almost doubtly”
Đáp Án B.
Từ "doubtless" trong bài đọc gần như có nghĩa là ______
A. “almost uncertainly”: gần như không chắc chắn
B. “almost certainly”: gần như chắc chắn
C. “almost impossibly”: gần như là không thể
D. “almost doubtly”: gần như nghi ngờ
doubtless: không nghi ngờ gì = “almost certainly”: gần như chắc chắn
Dịch nghĩa: Con người đã viết trong ít nhất 5000 năm; nhưng họ đã nói chuyện lâu hơn, không nghi ngờ gì cả kể từ khi có con người.