a) ( 3x - 1 )2 - 4
= ( 3x - 1 ) - 22
= ( 3x - 1 - 2 )( 3x - 1 + 2 )
= ( 3x - 3 )( 3x + 1 )
= 3( x - 1 )( 3x + 1 )
b) ( x + y )2 - x2
= ( x + y - x )( x + y + x )
= y( 2x + y )
c) 100 - ( 2x - y )2
= 102 - ( 2x - y )2
= [ 10 - ( 2x - y ) ][ 10 + ( 2x - y ) ]
= ( 10 - 2x + y )( 10 + 2x - y )
d) ( 2x - 1 )2 - ( x - 1 )2
= [ ( 2x - 1 ) - ( x - 1 ) ][ ( 2x - 1 ) + ( x - 1 ) ]
= ( 2x - 1 - x + 1 )( 2x - 1 + x - 1 )
= x( 3x - 2 )
e) 4( x + 6 )2 - 9( 1 + x )2
= 22( x + 6 )2 - 32( 1 + x )2
= ( 2x + 12 )2 - ( 3 + 3x )2
= [ ( 2x + 12 ) - ( 3 + 3x ) ][ ( 2x + 12 + ( 3 + 3x ) ]
= ( 2x + 12 - 3 - 3x )( 2x + 12 + 3 + 3x )
= ( 9 - x )( 5x + 15 )
= 5( 9 - x )( x + 3 )
