Bài 2: Để hệ có nghiệm duy nhất thì \(\frac{1}{a}<>\frac{a}{1}\)
=>\(a^2<>1\)
=>a∉{1;-1](1)
\(\begin{cases}ax+y=3a\\ x+ay=2a+1\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}y=3a-ax\\ x+a\left(3a-ax\right)=2a+1\end{cases}\)
=>\(\begin{cases}y=3a-a\cdot x\\ x+3a^2-a^2\cdot x=2a+1\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}y=3a-ax\\ x\left(1-a^2\right)=2a+1-3a^2\end{cases}\)
=>\(\begin{cases}x=\frac{-3a^2+2a+1}{1-a^2}=\frac{3a^2-2a-1}{a^2-1}=\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left(3a+1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}=\frac{3a+1}{a+1}\\ y=3a-a\cdot\frac{3a+1}{a+1}=\frac{3a^2+3a-3a^2-a}{a+1}=\frac{2a}{a+1}\end{cases}\)
Để x,y nguyên thì \(\begin{cases}3a+1\vdots a+1\\ 2a\vdots a+1\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}3a+3-2\vdots a+1\\ 2a+2-2\vdots a+1\end{cases}\)
=>-2⋮a+1
=>a+1∈{1;-1;2;-2}
=>a∈{0;-2;1;-3}
Kết hợp (1), ta có: a∈{0;-2;-3}
Bài 3:
ĐKXĐ: x>=y
\(\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{x+y}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{x-y}{3}}=14\\ \sqrt{\frac{x+y}{8}}-\sqrt{\frac{x-y}{12}}=3\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{x+y}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{x-y}{3}}=14\\ \frac12\left(\sqrt{\frac{x+y}{2}}-\sqrt{\frac{x-y}{3}}\right)=3\end{cases}\)
=>\(\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{x+y}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{x-y}{3}}=14\\ \sqrt{\frac{x+y}{2}}-\sqrt{\frac{x-y}{3}}=6\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{x+y}{2}}=10\\ \sqrt{\frac{x-y}{3}}=4\end{cases}\)
=>\(\begin{cases}\frac{x+y}{2}=100\\ \frac{x-y}{3}=16\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x+y=200\\ x-y=48\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=\frac{200+48}{2}=\frac{248}{2}=124\\ y=200-124=76\end{cases}\) (nhận)
