Xét :\(VT^2=2020-x+x-2018+2\sqrt{\left(2012-x\right)\left(x-2018\right)}\)
\(=2+2\sqrt{\left(2012-x\right)\left(x-2018\right)}\)
Áp dụng bđt AM - GM ta có : \(2\sqrt{\left(2012-x\right)\left(x-2018\right)}\le2012-x+x-2018=2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT^2\le4\Rightarrow VT\le2\)(1)
Xét \(VP=x^2-4038x+4076363=\left(x^2-4038x+4076361\right)+2\)
\(=\left(x-2019\right)^2+2\ge2\) (2)
Từ (1);(2) \(\Rightarrow VT\le2\le VP\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2020-x=x-2018\\\left(x-2019\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow x=2019\left(TM\right)}\)
Vậy nghiệm của PT là \(S=\left\{2019\right\}\)