ĐỀ 77
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
A stinky gym bug in your kitchen? Who will be more upset by the smell - the men or the women in your family? (1) _______ scientists suggest that women not only smell, but feel, taste, and hear more accurately than men.
Take colors, for example. One study suggests that men are not as good as women at distinguishing between (2) _______ of color, although they focus well on rapidly changing images. As for touch, small fingers have a finer sense of touch, whether male or female.
Hearing is possibly one of the most debated areas, when talking about the senses. Evidence shows that boys hear as well as girls at birth, but with age, a man’s hearing may soon deteriorate. (3) _______, environmental factors could play a role in this. Women may also be better at identifying different flavors (4) _______ need both taste and smell to experience, as studies have shown that they have more taste buds on their tongue.
Going back to the smelly gym bag - yes, it’s likely that Mom will be the most (5) _______ out by it. But is that because women’s brains have more ‘smell cells’ or because you were too lazy to move it?
Question 1:A. Each B. Some C. Another D. Every
Question 2:A. smells B. senses C. shadows D. shades
Question 3:A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Due to
Question 4:A. who B. which C. where D. whom
Question 5:A. taken B. sprung C. mazed D. freaked
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 6: Aren’t you putting the cart before the horse by deciding what to wear for the wedding before you’re invited to it?
A. knowing the horse cart B. do things in the right order
C. doing things in the wrong order D. upsetting the horse cart
Question 7: He is writing a letter of acceptance to the employer with the hope to get his favorite position in the company.
A. confirmation B. refusal C. agree D. admission
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 8: The letters he would write were full of doom and _______. We still do not know what made
him so depressed.
A. drib B. gloom C. duck D. tuck
Question 9: _______ the person is, the more privilege he enjoys.
A. The rich B. The richest C. As rich as D. The richer
Question 10: My grandparents are quite old now and sometimes they have to _______ up and down steps.
A. be helping B. helped C. help D. be helped
Question 11: Unless we do something now, hundreds of plant and animal species will _______.
A. point out B. die out C. cut up D. make up
Question 12: While she was taking her exams, she _______ a terrible headache.
A. will have B. has C. had D. is having
Question 13: Sceptics claim that looking for alien forms of life in space is like squaring the _______ as they do not exist.
A. ground B. circle C. flag D. school
Question 14: _______ the promotion, I began to search for other goals.
A. Having attained B. To attain C. Being attained D. Attained
Question 15: They offered her the job because she was very _______ on the design front.
A. creatively B. creative C. create D. creation
Question 16: The restaurant is well-known ________ its friendly atmosphere and excellent service.
A. for B. on C. in D. off
Question 17: Researchers have ________ to the conclusion that personality is affected by your genes.
A. got B. reached C. arrived D. come
Question 18: John crashed his truck _________ he was driving too fast.
A. despite B. although C. because D. because of
Question 19: She’ll take the flight for the early meeting, ______?
A. won’t she B. hasn’t she C. didn’t she D. doesn’t she
Question 20: She bought a _________ jacket as a present for her daughter.
A. new Italian leather B. new leather Italian
C. leather new Italian D. leather Italian new
Question 21: The popular press often contains a lot more _______ than hard facts.
A. tolerance B. influence C. speculation D. realism
Question 22: I hope these machines will have worked very well ______.
A. as soon as you would come back next month
B. when you came back next month
C. by time you come back next month
D. after you were coming back next month
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 23: A. concerned B. devoted C. renewed D. improved
Question 24: A. thrill B. hide C. prize D. crime
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 25: She is a confidential and practiced speaker who always impresses her audience.
A B C D
Question 26: My sister finally got his own favorite piano to practiceevery day.
A B C D
Question 27: Last night, she stays up so late to study for her exams.
A B C D
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 28: The book was interesting. I’ve read it three times.
A. Such was the interesting book that I have read it three times.
B. So interesting was the book that I have no time to read it.
C. Only if it is an interesting book have I read it three times.
D. Should the book be interesting, I have read it three times.
Question 29: She bought an old TV. She has regrets about it now.
A. Provided she bought an old TV. She wouldn’t have regrets.
B. If she hadn’t bought an old TV. She would have regrets.
C. If only she had bought an old TV
D. She wishes she hadn’t bought an old TV.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 30: Peter is talking to Mary about eating habits.
- Peter: “You should eat more fruits and vegetables.” – Mary: “___________”
A. Yes, I will, Thanks B. No, thanks
C. My pleasure D. You’re welcome
Question 31: Mrs Brown and Mr Smith are talking about teaching soft skills at school.
- Mrs Brown: “Some soft skills should be taught to children.”
- Mr Smith: “______. They are necessary for them.”
A. I don’t either B. I agree with you
C. You’re quite wrong D. You’re welcome
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 32A. document B. holiday C. location D. journalist
Question 33A. listen B. agree C. escape D. deny
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 34: Please give me some recommendation to buy suitable books for my ten-year-old girl.
A. advice B. defense C. interest D. question
Question 35: He has been jobless and often has to ask his parents for money
A. out of fashion B. out of practice C. out of order D. out of work
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 36: Every student is required to write an essay on the topic.
A. Every student might write an essay on the topic.
B. Every student must write an essay on the topic.
C. Every student can’t write an essay on the topic.
D. Every student needn’t write an essay on the topic.
Question 37: “If I were you, I would rent another room” said my friend.
A. My friend threatened me to rent another room.
B. My friend was thinking about renting another room.
C. My friend insisted on renting another room.
D. My friend advised me to rent another room.
Question 38: He last cooked for the whole family five months ago.
A. He didn’t cook for the whole family five months ago.
B. He has cooked for the whole family for five months.
C. He hasn’t cooked for the whole family for five months.
D. He would cook for the whole family in five months.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the questions from 39 to 43.
Dogs originally came from wolves. Wolves look a lot like dogs, but they are bigger. They are also quite fierce. At some point, some wolves changed through evolution. Some of them were smaller and gentler. These nicer wolves were the first dogs. No one knows for sure when this happened or why. Some people say it happened naturally over 50,000 years ago. Others say people made it happen between 15 000 and 50 000 years ago.
However they came to be, people quickly saw that dogs were useful. Scientists who study humans say the first tame dogs appeared with humans about 13,000 years ago in the Middle East. Not long after there were dogs in Asia, Africa, Europe and eventually, North America. These dogs were probably used mostly for hunting and traveling. They were also good companions.
Dogs were an important part of life in ancient Egypt. Egyptian dogs were used not only for hunting but as guards and warriors as well. They believed the god that guarded hell was a dog. Ancient Egyptians also named their pet dogs. Some popular names meant Brave One, Reliable, North-wind, Blacky, and Useless.
Dogs were also good ancient Roman warriors. The Roman army used dogs all over Europe. Sometimes the dogs were attack dogs, but other times the dogs were messengers.
There are many different kinds of dogs today. How could they all come from wolves? There are many different explanations. Some scientists believe that dogs mixed with other animals from the Canidae family. This includes coyotes, foxes and jackals. Most scientists also believe that evolution and breeding influenced the variation. Later, people found breeds of dogs they liked and combined them to make all new breeds. In this way. people are still helping new breeds to appear today!
Question 39: Which of the following best states the main idea of the reading?
A. No one knows for sure where dogs first appeared with humans.
B. There are two theories about the evolution of dogs.
C. Evolution and breeding have made dogs what they are today.
D. Human beings used dogs for many jobs, so dogs are the first tame animals.
Question 40: The word “they” in the first paragraph refers to _______.
A. people B. years C. dogs D. wolves
Question 41: According to some scientists, when did the first tame dogs appear with humans?
A. About 15,000 years ago B. Between 15,000 and 50,000 years ago
C. Over 50.000 years ago D. About 13,000 years ago
Question 42: The word “companions” in the second paragraph mostly means ______.
A. messengers B. co-workers C. traveling friends D. hunting animals
Question 43: According to the reading, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Most people like to name their dogs Reliable, Blacky, and Useless.
B. The Roman always used dogs as messengers.
C. The first tame dogs appeared in ancient Egypt.
D. According to some studies, dogs mixed with coyotes and jackals.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the questions from 44 to 50.
Many people see large urban cities as a wonder of human imagination and creativity. They represent how far the human population has come in terms of community development. Despite its positive things, there are also negatives from urbanization on the physical health of humans living.
As it would be expected, developing countries tend to see more negative physical health effects than modern countries in regard to urbanization. One example of a developing country experiencing these problems is China. China is a country that in the past 30-40 years went from being an agrarian based society to a significant industrialized country. This industrialization has in effect caused the need for more centralized cities, centralized meaning having lots of jobs and living spaces within a close proximity. In most recent decades, since China’s change to being more of an industrial based economy, the country has experienced record high numbers of people migrating within its borders. In effect, the number of cities with over 500,000 people has more than doubled. These migrations are typically of people from rural areas of China moving to the new urban areas. Due to this large influx in the urban population, there are many possibilities for health challenges among these people.
One very common and fairly obvious negative aspect of highly congested urban areas is air pollution. It could include particulate matter, most commonly attributed to industrial plants and refineries waste, or chemicals like CO2 or Methane. Due to a vast number of people in these urbanized cities, the air pollution is known to be very extreme. These conditions can lead to many different health problems such as: Asthma, cardiovascular problems or disease. When exposed to these conditions for a prolonged period of time, one can experience even more detrimental health effects like: the acceleration of aging, loss of lung capacity and health, being more susceptible to respiratory diseases, and a shortened life span.
Another way that urbanization affects the populations’ health is people’s change in diet. For instance, urban cities tend to have lots of accessible, quick, and easy to get food. This food is also more than likely not as high quality as well as contains a large amount of sodium and sugar. Because this food is so accessible, people tend to eat it more. This increase in consumption of low-quality food can then lead to diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, obesity, or many other health conditions.
Question 44: Which of the following could be served as the best title for the passage?
A. Urban cities - The new opportunity for community development
B. Urbanization - Pros and cons
C. Urbanization - How people’s health is impacted?
D. Developing countries - The fastest urbanization
Question 45: The word “agrarian” in paragraph 2 mostly means ________.
A. farming B. industry C. city D. modernizing
Question 46: The word “congested” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. fresh B. overcrowded C. sparse D. contaminated
Question 47: The following are the air pollution sources mentioned in paragraph 3, EXCEPT _______.
A. industrial plants B. sewage C. refineries waste D. chemicals
Question 48: The word “it” in the last paragraph refers to ________?
A. quality B. sugar C. food D. sodium
Question 49: Why are urban populations easy to get diseases from food, according to the last paragraph?
A. Because of the change in people’s diet.
B. Because this food is so delicious that people have a tendency to eat more than normal.
C. Because the way people get this food is rather accessible, quick and easy.
D. Because of the low quality and the high proportion of sodium and sugar in this food.
Question 50: What can be inferred from the passage?
A. One of the negative health effects comes from the overpopulation in industrialized countries.
B. Living in urban areas for a long time will certainly make the life expectancy of inhabitants shorten.
C. People in developed countries suffer less harmful health effects from urbanization than those in developing nations.
D. The bad health effects from urbanization are not greater than the benefits it brings to people in urban cities.
------HẾT------
Tách lần lần ra chứ đưa như này ai mà làm hết được !
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
A stinky gym bug in your kitchen? Who will be more upset by the smell - the men or the women in your family? (1) _______ scientists suggest that women not only smell, but feel, taste, and hear more accurately than men.
Take colors, for example. One study suggests that men are not as good as women at distinguishing between (2) _______ of color, although they focus well on rapidly changing images. As for touch, small fingers have a finer sense of touch, whether male or female.
Hearing is possibly one of the most debated areas, when talking about the senses. Evidence shows that boys hear as well as girls at birth, but with age, a man’s hearing may soon deteriorate. (3) _______, environmental factors could play a role in this. Women may also be better at identifying different flavors (4) _______ need both taste and smell to experience, as studies have shown that they have more taste buds on their tongue.
Going back to the smelly gym bag - yes, it’s likely that Mom will be the most (5) _______ out by it. But is that because women’s brains have more ‘smell cells’ or because you were too lazy to move it?
Question 1:A. Each B. Some C. Another D. Every
Question 2:A. smells B. senses C. shadows D. shades
Question 3:A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Due to
Question 4:A. who B. which C. where D. whom
Question 5:A. taken B. sprung C. mazed D. freaked
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 6: Aren’t you putting the cart before the horse by deciding what to wear for the wedding before you’re invited to it?
A. knowing the horse cart B. do things in the right order
C. doing things in the wrong order D. upsetting the horse cart
Question 7: He is writing a letter of acceptance to the employer with the hope to get his favorite position in the company.
A. confirmation B. refusal C. agree D. admission
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 8: The letters he would write were full of doom and _______. We still do not know what made
him so depressed.
A. drib B. gloom C. duck D. tuck
Question 9: _______ the person is, the more privilege he enjoys.
A. The rich B. The richest C. As rich as D. The richer
Question 10: My grandparents are quite old now and sometimes they have to _______ up and down steps.
A. be helping B. helped C. help D. be helped
Question 11: Unless we do something now, hundreds of plant and animal species will _______.
A. point out B. die out C. cut up D. make up
Question 12: While she was taking her exams, she _______ a terrible headache.
A. will have B. has C. had D. is having
Question 13: Sceptics claim that looking for alien forms of life in space is like squaring the _______ as they do not exist.
A. ground B. circle C. flag D. school
Question 14: _______ the promotion, I began to search for other goals.
A. Having attained B. To attain C. Being attained D. Attained
Question 15: They offered her the job because she was very _______ on the design front.
A. creatively B. creative C. create D. creation
Question 16: The restaurant is well-known ________ its friendly atmosphere and excellent service.
A. for B. on C. in D. off
Question 17: Researchers have ________ to the conclusion that personality is affected by your genes.
A. got B. reached C. arrived D. come
Question 18: John crashed his truck _________ he was driving too fast.
A. despite B. although C. because D. because of
Question 19: She’ll take the flight for the early meeting, ______?
A. won’t she B. hasn’t she C. didn’t she D. doesn’t she
Question 20: She bought a _________ jacket as a present for her daughter.
A. new Italian leather B. new leather Italian
C. leather new Italian D. leather Italian new
Question 21: The popular press often contains a lot more _______ than hard facts.
A. tolerance B. influence C. speculation D. realism
Question 22: I hope these machines will have worked very well ______.
A. as soon as you would come back next month
B. when you came back next month
C. by time you come back next month
D. after you were coming back next month
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 23: A. concerned B. devoted C. renewed D. improved
Question 24: A. thrill B. hide C. prize D. crime
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 25: She is a confidential and practiced speaker who always impresses her audience.
A B C D
Question 26: My sister finally got his own favorite piano to practiceevery day. => B
A B C D
Question 27: Last night, she stays up so late to study for her exams.
A B C D
Question 28: The book was interesting. I’ve read it three times.
A. Such was the interesting book that I have read it three times.
B. So interesting was the book that I have no time to read it.
C. Only if it is an interesting book have I read it three times.
D. Should the book be interesting, I have read it three times.
Question 29: She bought an old TV. She has regrets about it now.
A. Provided she bought an old TV. She wouldn’t have regrets.
B. If she hadn’t bought an old TV. She would have regrets.
C. If only she had bought an old TV
D. She wishes she hadn’t bought an old TV.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 30: Peter is talking to Mary about eating habits.
- Peter: “You should eat more fruits and vegetables.” – Mary: “___________”
A. Yes, I will, Thanks B. No, thanks
C. My pleasure D. You’re welcome
Question 31: Mrs Brown and Mr Smith are talking about teaching soft skills at school.
- Mrs Brown: “Some soft skills should be taught to children.”
- Mr Smith: “______. They are necessary for them.”
A. I don’t either B. I agree with you
C. You’re quite wrong D. You’re welcome
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 32A. document B. holiday C. location D. journalist
Question 33A. listen B. agree C. escape D. deny
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 34: Please give me some recommendation to buy suitable books for my ten-year-old girl.
A. advice B. defense C. interest D. question
Question 35: He has been jobless and often has to ask his parents for money
A. out of fashion B. out of practice C. out of order D. out of work
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 36: Every student is required to write an essay on the topic.
A. Every student might write an essay on the topic.
B. Every student must write an essay on the topic.
C. Every student can’t write an essay on the topic.
D. Every student needn’t write an essay on the topic.
Question 37: “If I were you, I would rent another room” said my friend.
A. My friend threatened me to rent another room.
B. My friend was thinking about renting another room.
C. My friend insisted on renting another room.
D. My friend advised me to rent another room.
Question 38: He last cooked for the whole family five months ago.
A. He didn’t cook for the whole family five months ago.
B. He has cooked for the whole family for five months.
C. He hasn’t cooked for the whole family for five months.
D. He would cook for the whole family in five months.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the questions from 39 to 43.
Dogs originally came from wolves. Wolves look a lot like dogs, but they are bigger. They are also quite fierce. At some point, some wolves changed through evolution. Some of them were smaller and gentler. These nicer wolves were the first dogs. No one knows for sure when this happened or why. Some people say it happened naturally over 50,000 years ago. Others say people made it happen between 15 000 and 50 000 years ago.
However they came to be, people quickly saw that dogs were useful. Scientists who study humans say the first tame dogs appeared with humans about 13,000 years ago in the Middle East. Not long after there were dogs in Asia, Africa, Europe and eventually, North America. These dogs were probably used mostly for hunting and traveling. They were also good companions.
Dogs were an important part of life in ancient Egypt. Egyptian dogs were used not only for hunting but as guards and warriors as well. They believed the god that guarded hell was a dog. Ancient Egyptians also named their pet dogs. Some popular names meant Brave One, Reliable, North-wind, Blacky, and Useless.
Dogs were also good ancient Roman warriors. The Roman army used dogs all over Europe. Sometimes the dogs were attack dogs, but other times the dogs were messengers.
There are many different kinds of dogs today. How could they all come from wolves? There are many different explanations. Some scientists believe that dogs mixed with other animals from the Canidae family. This includes coyotes, foxes and jackals. Most scientists also believe that evolution and breeding influenced the variation. Later, people found breeds of dogs they liked and combined them to make all new breeds. In this way. people are still helping new breeds to appear today!
Question 39: Which of the following best states the main idea of the reading?
A. No one knows for sure where dogs first appeared with humans.
B. There are two theories about the evolution of dogs.
C. Evolution and breeding have made dogs what they are today.
D. Human beings used dogs for many jobs, so dogs are the first tame animals.
Question 40: The word “they” in the first paragraph refers to _______.
A. people B. years C. dogs D. wolves
Question 41: According to some scientists, when did the first tame dogs appear with humans?
A. About 15,000 years ago B. Between 15,000 and 50,000 years ago
C. Over 50.000 years ago D. About 13,000 years ago
Question 42: The word “companions” in the second paragraph mostly means ______.
A. messengers B. co-workers C. traveling friends D. hunting animals
Question 43: According to the reading, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Most people like to name their dogs Reliable, Blacky, and Useless.
B. The Roman always used dogs as messengers.
C. The first tame dogs appeared in ancient Egypt.
D. According to some studies, dogs mixed with coyotes and jackals.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the questions from 44 to 50.
Many people see large urban cities as a wonder of human imagination and creativity. They represent how far the human population has come in terms of community development. Despite its positive things, there are also negatives from urbanization on the physical health of humans living.
As it would be expected, developing countries tend to see more negative physical health effects than modern countries in regard to urbanization. One example of a developing country experiencing these problems is China. China is a country that in the past 30-40 years went from being an agrarian based society to a significant industrialized country. This industrialization has in effect caused the need for more centralized cities, centralized meaning having lots of jobs and living spaces within a close proximity. In most recent decades, since China’s change to being more of an industrial based economy, the country has experienced record high numbers of people migrating within its borders. In effect, the number of cities with over 500,000 people has more than doubled. These migrations are typically of people from rural areas of China moving to the new urban areas. Due to this large influx in the urban population, there are many possibilities for health challenges among these people.
One very common and fairly obvious negative aspect of highly congested urban areas is air pollution. It could include particulate matter, most commonly attributed to industrial plants and refineries waste, or chemicals like CO2 or Methane. Due to a vast number of people in these urbanized cities, the air pollution is known to be very extreme. These conditions can lead to many different health problems such as: Asthma, cardiovascular problems or disease. When exposed to these conditions for a prolonged period of time, one can experience even more detrimental health effects like: the acceleration of aging, loss of lung capacity and health, being more susceptible to respiratory diseases, and a shortened life span.
Another way that urbanization affects the populations’ health is people’s change in diet. For instance, urban cities tend to have lots of accessible, quick, and easy to get food. This food is also more than likely not as high quality as well as contains a large amount of sodium and sugar. Because this food is so accessible, people tend to eat it more. This increase in consumption of low-quality food can then lead to diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, obesity, or many other health conditions.
Question 44: Which of the following could be served as the best title for the passage?
A. Urban cities - The new opportunity for community development
B. Urbanization - Pros and cons
C. Urbanization - How people’s health is impacted?
D. Developing countries - The fastest urbanization
Question 45: The word “agrarian” in paragraph 2 mostly means ________.
A. farming B. industry C. city D. modernizing
Question 46: The word “congested” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. fresh B. overcrowded C. sparse D. contaminated
Question 47: The following are the air pollution sources mentioned in paragraph 3, EXCEPT _______.
A. industrial plants B. sewage C. refineries waste D. chemicals
Question 48: The word “it” in the last paragraph refers to ________?
A. quality B. sugar C. food D. sodium
Question 49: Why are urban populations easy to get diseases from food, according to the last paragraph?
A. Because of the change in people’s diet.
B. Because this food is so delicious that people have a tendency to eat more than normal.
C. Because the way people get this food is rather accessible, quick and easy.
D. Because of the low quality and the high proportion of sodium and sugar in this food.
Question 50: What can be inferred from the passage?
A. One of the negative health effects comes from the overpopulation in industrialized countries.
B. Living in urban areas for a long time will certainly make the life expectancy of inhabitants shorten.
C. People in developed countries suffer less harmful health effects from urbanization than those in developing nations.
D. The bad health effects from urbanization are not greater than the benefits it brings to people in urban cities.
