a) x2 + x + 1 = ( x2 + x + 1/4 ) + 3/4 = ( x + 1/2 )2 + 3/4 ≥ 3/4 > 0 ∀ x ( đpcm )
b) 4x2 - 2x + 1 = 4( x2 - 1/2x + 1/16 ) + 3/4 = 4( x - 1/4 )2 + 3/4 ≥ 3/4 > 0 ∀ x ( đpcm )
c) x4 - 3x2 + 9 (*)
Đặt t = x2
(*) <=> t2 - 3t + 9 = ( t2 - 3t + 9/4 ) + 27/4 = ( t - 3/2 )2 + 27/4 = ( x2 - 3/2 )2 + 27/4 ≥ 27/4 > 0 ∀ x ( đpcm )
d) x2 + y2 - 2x - 4y + 6 = ( x2 - 2x + 1 ) + ( y2 - 4y + 4 ) + 1 = ( x - 1 )2 + ( y - 2 )2 + 1 ≥ 1 > 0 ∀ x, y ( đpcm )
e) x2 + y2 - 2x - 2y + 2xy + 2 = ( x2 + 2xy + y2 - 2x - 2y + 1 ) + 1
= [ ( x2 + 2xy + y2 ) - ( 2x + 2y ) + 1 ] + 1
= [ ( x + y )2 - 2( x + y ) + 12 ] + 1
= ( x + y - 1 )2 + 1 ≥ 1 > 0 ∀ x, y ( đpcm )
a) \(x^2+x+1=\left(x^2+x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{3}{4}=\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}>0\left(\forall x\right)\)
b) \(4x^2-2x+1=4\left(x^2-\frac{x}{2}+\frac{1}{16}\right)+\frac{3}{4}=4\left(x-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}>0\left(\forall x\right)\)
c) \(x^4-3x^2+9=\left(x^4-3x^2+\frac{9}{4}\right)+\frac{27}{4}=\left(x^2-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{27}{4}>0\left(\forall x\right)\)
d) \(x^2+y^2-2x-4y+6\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1>0\left(\forall x,y\right)\)
e) \(x^2+y^2-2x-2y+2xy+2\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-2\left(x+y\right)+1+1\)
\(=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+1>0\left(\forall x,y\right)\)