Ta có : \(P=\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{2}{5^3}+\frac{3}{5^4}+...+\frac{11}{5^{12}}\)
\(\Rightarrow5P=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{2}{5^2}+\frac{3}{5^3}+...+\frac{11}{5^{11}}\)
Lấy 5P trừ P theo vế ta có :
\(5P-P=\left(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{2}{5^2}+\frac{3}{5^3}+...+\frac{11}{5^{11}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{2}{5^3}+\frac{3}{5^4}+...+\frac{11}{5^{12}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4P=\left(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{5^3}+...+\frac{1}{5^{11}}\right)-\frac{11}{5^{12}}\)
Đặt S = \(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{5^3}+...+\frac{1}{5^{11}}\)
\(\Rightarrow5S=1+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{5^{10}}\)
Lấy 5S trừ S theo vế ta có :
\(5S-S=\left(1+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{5^{10}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{5^3}+...+\frac{1}{5^{11}}\right)\)
4S = \(1-\frac{1}{5^{11}}\)
S \(=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5^{11}.4}\)
Khi đó : 4P = \(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5^{11}.4}-\frac{11}{5^{12}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5^{11}.4}-\frac{11}{5^{12}}\right):4=\frac{1}{16}-\left(\frac{1}{5^{11}.16}+\frac{11}{5^{12}.4}\right)< \frac{1}{16}\)(ĐPCM)
