a) P1: Na + H2O -> NaOH + 1/2 H2
x________x_____x______0,5x(mol)
Ca + 2 H2O -> Ca(OH)2 + H2
y___2y________y___y(mol)
K + H2O -> KOH + 1/2 H2
z___z______z_____0,5z(mol)
-> 0,5x+ y+ 0,5z= 0,1
<=> x+2y+z=0,2 (1)
P2: PTHH: 2 Na + 2 HCl -> 2 NaCl + H2
m____________m_____m__________0,5m(mol)
Ca + 2 HCl -> CaCl2 + H2
n_____2n_____n___n(mol)
2K + 2 HCl -> 2 KCl + H2
p____p____p_______0,5p(mol)
-> m+2n+p=0,6 (2)
Lấy (2) chia (1), ta được:
\(\dfrac{m+2n+p}{x+2y+z}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3\)
Mà số mol tỉ lệ thuận khối lượng:
=> \(\dfrac{b}{a}=3\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)