$m_{H_2SO_4} = a.C\%(gam) \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{a.C\%}{98}$
$m_{H_2O\ trong\ dd\ axit} = a - a.C\% \Rightarrow n_{H_2O} = \dfrac{a - a.C\%}{18}$
$2Na + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + H_2$
$Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = n_{H_2SO_4} + \dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2O}$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{0,05a}{2} = \dfrac{a.C\%}{98} + \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{a - a.C\%}{18}$
$\Rightarrow C\% = 0,158 = 15,8\%$