\(a)\ n_{Al} = \dfrac{8,1}{27} = 0,3(mol)\\ n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{200.14,7\%}{98} = 0,3(mol)\\ 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,3 < \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,45\)
Do đó, Al dư
\(n_{H_2} = n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,3(mol)\\ V = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)\)
b)
\(n_{Al\ pư} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,2(mol)\\ n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,1(mol)\\ m_{dd} = 0,2.27 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 204,8(gam)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} =\dfrac{0,1.342}{204,8}.100\% = 16,7\%\)
pt: 2Al + 3H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\) Al2(SO4)3 +3H2
nAl =\(\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\), \(m_{H_2SO_4}=14,7\%.200=29,4g\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3mol\)
Theo pt: \(nAl:nH_2SO_4=\dfrac{0,3}{2}:\dfrac{0,3}{3}=0,15:0,1=3:2\)
=> Al dư
Theo pt: nH2 = nH2SO4 = 0,3mol => VH2 = 0,3.22,4=6,75 lít
b) theo pt: nAl2(SO4)3 = \(\dfrac{1}{3}nH_2SO_4=0,1mol\)
=> mAl2(SO4)3 = 0,1.342 = 34,2g
Áp dụng bảo toàn khối lượng
mAl + mH2SO4 = mAl2(SO4)3 dung dịch + mH2
=> m dung dịch Al2(SO4)3 = 8,1+200-0,3.2 = 207,5g
C% A = \(\dfrac{34,2}{207,5}.100\%\approx16,48\%\)