\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{245.20\%}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,2..........0,5
Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,5}{3}\)
=> H2SO4 dư
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> V H2 = 0,3.22,4= 6,72(l)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=5,4+245-0,3.2=249,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{249,8}.100=13,69\%\)
a) mH2SO4=20%.245=49(g) ->nH2SO4=49/98=0,5(mol)
nAl=5,4/27=0,2(mol)
PTHH: 2Al +3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 +3 H2
Ta có: 0,2/2 < 0,5/3
=> H2SO4 dư, Al hết, tính theo nAl
=> nH2SO4(p.ứ)=nH2=3/2. nAl=3/2. 0,2= 0,3(mol)
=> nH2SO4(dư)=0,5 - 0,3=0,2(mol)
=>mH2SO4(dư)=0,2.98=19,6(g)
b) V(H2,đktc)=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)
c) nAl2(SO4)3= 1/2. nAl=1/2. 0,2=0,1(mol)
=>mAl2(SO4)3=342.0,1=34,2(g)
mddAl2(SO4)3=mAl+ mddH2SO4-mH2=5,4+245 - 0,3.2= 249,8(g)
=>C%ddAl2(SO4)3= (34,2/249,8).100=13,691%
