a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,1}{3}\)
=> H2SO4 dư, Al hết
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(\dfrac{0,2}{3}\)<-----0,1----------->\(\dfrac{0,1}{3}\)------>0,1
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479\left(l\right)\)
b)
Sau phản ứng thu được: Al2(SO4)3, H2, Al dư
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1}{3}.342=11,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2}=0,1.2=0,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,2-\dfrac{0,2}{3}\right).27=3,6\left(g\right)\)
$\rm n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2(mol)$
$\rm n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1(mol)$
Phương trình hóa học
$\rm 2Al +3H_2SO_4 \to Al _2(SO_4)_3 +3H_2$
Tỉ lệ $\rm \dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,1}{3}$ `->` $\rm H_2SO_4$ hết
Theo phương trình hóa học
$\rm n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1(mol)$
`->` $\rm V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479(l)$
$\rm n_{Al(dư)}=0,2-\dfrac{2}{3}.0,1=\dfrac{2}{15}(mol)$
`->` $\rm m_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{15}.27=3,6(g)$
$\rm n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{30}(mol)$
`->` $\rm m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{1}{30}.342=11,4(g)$
$\rm m_{H_2}=0,1.2=0,2(g)$