a)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2.n_{Mg}+3.n_{Al}=\dfrac{m_{Mg}}{12}+\dfrac{m_{Al}}{9}< \dfrac{m_{Mg}+m_{Al}}{9}=\dfrac{3,78}{9}=0,42\left(mol\right)< 0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> Axit dư
b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,368}{22,4}=0,195\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 27b = 3,78 (1)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2}=a+1,5b=0,195\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,045 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,045.24=1,08\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)