a) 1968 x 15 + 1968 x 84 + 1968
= 1968 x 15 + 1968 x 84 + 1968 x 1
= 1968 x (15 + 84 + 1)
= 1968 x 100 = 196800
b) 6412 + 5378 + 3582 + 4628
= (6412 + 5378) + (3582 + 4628)
= 11790 + 8210
= 20000
c) 178 x 101 - 178
= 178 x 101 - 178 x 1
= 178 x (101 - 1)
= 178 x 100
= 17800
d) 153 x 8 + 153 + 153
= 153 x 8 + 153 x 1 + 153 x 1
= 153 x (8 + 1 + 1)
= 153 x 10
= 1530