a) \(\left(x+13\right):5=12\)
\(\Rightarrow x+13=12\cdot5\)
\(\Rightarrow x+13=60\)
\(\Rightarrow x=60-13\)
\(\Rightarrow x=47\)
b) \(23\cdot\left(42-x\right)=23\)
\(\Rightarrow42-x=23:23\)
\(\Rightarrow42-x=1\)
\(\Rightarrow x=42-1\)
\(\Rightarrow x=41\)