\(a.\\ m_{KOH\left(A\right)}=150\cdot5\%=7,5g\\ m_{ddKOH12\%}=a\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow:\dfrac{7,5+12\%\cdot a}{a+150}=\dfrac{10}{100}\\ a=375\left(g\right)\)
\(b.\\ m_{NaCl\left(40^0C\right)}=1800\cdot30\%=540\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2O\left(40^0C\right)}=1800-540=1260\left(g\right)\\ S_{20^0C}=\dfrac{540-m_{NaCl\left(kt\right)}}{1260-m_{NaCl\left(KT\right)}}=\dfrac{36}{100}\\ m_{NaCl\left(KT\right)}=135\left(g\right)\)