a: =-78-431=-509
b: -921-312=-(921+312)=-1233
c: -431+(-213)-(-1241)=1241-431-213=1241-644=597
d: 567+(-434)-512-(-721)
=567-512-432+721
=55+289=344
e: -763+514-(-215)-2431
=-763+215+514-2431
=-763+729-2431
=-2465
d: -495-315+435-(-216)
=-60-315+216
=-60-99
=-159