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(1) Scientists have been studying an ocean event who is the cause of drastic changes in weather around the world. (2) This event is an increase in the temperature of the Pacific Ocean that appear around Christmas off the coast of Peru. (3) Hence, the Peruvian fishermen whom first noticed it named it El Nino, a name that means "the Christ child" in Spanish. (4) The causes of this rise in ocean temperatures are unknown, but its effects are obvious and devastating.
• (5) One of El Nino's far-reaching effects is that it threatens Peru's vital anchovy harvest, which could mean higher prices for food. (6) The warm water of El Nino keeps the cold water which provides anchovies with food down at the bottom of the ocean. (7) Anchovies are the primary source of fish meal which is the main ingredient in livestock and chicken feed."
(8) In addition, guano from birds who feed off the anchovies is a major source of fertilizer for farmers. (9) As a result of decreasing supplies of anchovies and guano, the prices of chicken feed, livestock feed, and fertilizer rise. (10) This causes farmers, who they must pay more for feed and fertilizer, to charge more for the food they produces. (11) The prices of eggs, meat, and even bread have soared as a result of El Ninos in past years.
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. Acupuncture originated in China and has been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years.
A. began B. created C. developed D. introduced
2. There is no evidence at this time that acupuncture can treat cancer itself.
A. clue B. data C. proof D. sign
3. Acupuncture can treat from simple to complicated ailments.
A. acupoints B. diseases C. points D. treatments
3. Some people believe that acupuncture can be a cure of cancer.
A. allergy B. practice C. therapy D. treatment
4. Acupuncture can ease nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.
A. increase B. prevent C. reduce D. spoil
5. Are there any alternatives that might provide better options for gay people?
A. choices B. decisions C. judgements D. votes
6. The old blood cells are broken down by the spleen and eliminated from the body.
A. cut out B. exhaled C. removed D. held
7. Humans will enjoy longer life expectancy when they are more conscious of what they eat and do.
A. aware of B. capable of C. responsible for D. suitable for
8. Together, all of these treatments are supposed to cleanse your body and stimulate your immune system.
A. encourage B. generate C. increase D. expand
9. The most common side effects with acupuncture are soreness, slight bleeding and discomfort.
A. direct B. indirect C. original D. unwanted
10. Consuming nuts can boost your heart health and lifespan.
A. Eating B. Ingesting C. Inhaling D. Swallowing
11. Doing exercise regularly helps prevent diseases like heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes.
A. avoid B. cure C. forbid D. reduce
12. Tomato juice contains a rich amount of fiber which helps in breaking down LDL or bad cholesterol in the body.
A. compounds B. comprises C. produces D. Provides
13. The human body possesses an enormous, astonishing, and persistent capacity to heal itself.
A. cure B. generate C. Protect D. remove
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions
The police questioned two men but neither of them could speak English.
A. The police questioned two Englishmen in English.
B. The police questioned two men who could not speak English.
C. Neither of the Englishmen was questioned by the police.
D. Either of the men could answer the police questions in English.
In most parts of the world, the (0) economic basis of the television industry is the (1) ………….of advertising time. This is so important and (2) ………….that it funds all the technical and staff costs involved in the (3) ………….of programmes for a variety of audiences. This is no (4) ………….from that employed by newspapers and magazines when they sell advertising space on their pages, except that (5)………….have little choice but to watch the advertisements, with the added annoyance of (6) ………….during their favourite programmes. One (7) ………….is toe BBC which is state-funded and so does not show (8) ………….. This avoids the situation where children watching TV are (9) ………….influenced by persuasive advertising for junk food items which their parents may consider (10) …………. 0. economy 1. sell 2. profit 3. produce 4. differ 5. view 6. interrupt 7. except 8. commerce 9. easy 10. health
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
One of the seven wonders of the ancient world, the Great Pyramid of Giza was a monument of wisdom and prophecy built as a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops in 2720 B .C . Despite its antiquity, certain aspects of its construction makes it one of the truly wonders of the world. The thirteen- acre structure near the Nile river is a solid mass of stone blocks covered with limestone. Inside are the number of hidden passageways and the burial chamber of the Pharaoh. It is the largest single structure in the world. The four sides of the pyramid are aligned almost exactly on true north, south, east and west-an incredible engineering feat. The ancient Egyptians were sun worshippers and great astronomers, so computations for the Great Pyramid were based on astronomical observations.
Explorations and detailed examinations of the base of the structure reveal many intersecting lines. Further scientific study indicates that these represent a type of timeline of events – past, present and future. Many of the events have been interpreted and found to coincide with known facts of the past. Others are prophesied for future generations and are currently under investigation. Many believe that pyramids have supernatural powers and this one is no exception. Some researchers even associate it with extraterrestrial beings of ancient past.
Was this superstructure made by ordinary beings, or one built by a race far superior to any known today?
Question: In the second passage, the word ‘prophesied’ is closest in meaning to ____.
A. foretold
B. terminated
C. precipitated
D. affiliated
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
One of the seven wonders of the ancient world, the Great Pyramid of Giza was a monument of wisdom and prophecy built as a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops in 2720 B .C . Despite its antiquity, certain aspects of its construction makes it one of the truly wonders of the world. The thirteen- acre structure near the Nile river is a solid mass of stone blocks covered with limestone. Inside are the number of hidden passageways and the burial chamber of the Pharaoh. It is the largest single structure in the world. The four sides of the pyramid are aligned almost exactly on true north, south, east and west-an incredible engineering feat. The ancient Egyptians were sun worshippers and great astronomers, so computations for the Great Pyramid were based on astronomical observations.
Explorations and detailed examinations of the base of the structure reveal many intersecting lines. Further scientific study indicates that these represent a type of timeline of events – past, present and future. Many of the events have been interpreted and found to coincide with known facts of the past. Others are prophesied for future generations and are currently under investigation. Many believe that pyramids have supernatural powers and this one is no exception. Some researchers even associate it with extraterrestrial beings of ancient past.
Was this superstructure made by ordinary beings, or one built by a race far superior to any known today?
Question: The word ‘feat’ in the first paragraph is closet in meaning to ____.
A. accomplishment
B. festivity
C. appendage
D. structure
III/ Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Except for a few unfortunate individuals, no law in this world can go against the fact that for most of us our family is an essential part of our lives. The moment you enter this cruel world, where each man is for himself, there are some near and dear ones out there who will do anything to ensure your happiness.
We are nothing more than a vulnerable and fragile object, without someone taking care of us on our arrival in this world. Despite all the odds, your family will take care of your well-being, and try their best to provide you the greatest comforts in the world. No one out there, except your family must forgive the endless number of mistakes you may make in your life. Apart from teaching you forgive and forget lessons, they-are always there for you, when you need them the most.
Family is the only place where children study a lot after school. In school, teachers teach children about the subjects which will help them to find a good job in future. But at home, parents teach children about good habits. They are not only the elements which help the children to shape their personalities but they also prepare them a sustainable and bright future.
A good family makes a greater society. Father, mother, children have to work in order to build a strong family. If any one of them fail, the whole family may collapse. The good name of the whole family can be ruined by a single member of the family. In order to avoid that unhappy scenario, every family member has to work hard and try their best. As a result, they will set good examples lor the whole society. Families impacts very much on society and societies create countries.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Family is a vital part of your life.
B. Not everyone has a family.
C. We will effortlessly be damaged without our family.
D. Some laws in the world may oppose the functions ot family.
2. In the writer's opinion, ____.
A. it is not the function of the family to make sure we are happy
B. your family will be with you regardless of difficulties
C. family creates some easily-spoilt creatures
D. people can be easily forgiven by people around
3. To children, family plays a role in ____.
A. teaching them academic subjects
B. developing their personal traits
C. helping them to find a good job
D. encouraging them to study a lot at school
4. The word "They" in the passage refers to ____.
A. children B. teachers C. good habits D. parents
5. The word "ruined” in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. destroyed B. saved C. built D. constructed
6. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the relation between family and society?
A. When a family fails, the w hole society falls down.
B. A family member w ill be unhappy to fry his best.
C. Hinnly members have responsibilities to set good examples.
D. Strong families build a wealthy society.
7. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Educational role ot family B. The importance of family
C. family and society D. The birth of fragile object
Read the following passage carefully, and then select the best option A, B, C or D to complete it
Music, artful arrangement of sounds (1) _______ time. This definition is obviously very broad, but a narrower one would exclude (2) _______ much. Music is part of virtually every culture on (3) _______, but it varies widely among cultures in style and structure. Definitions of music can (4) _______ dramatically over a short time, as they have across the world during the 20th (5) _________.
Can music exist without (6) _______? Some philosophers argue that music should be defined as a kind of “mental (7) _______” and that the physical aspects of sound are simply by-products of this image. If you (8) _______ you can have a musical experience by imagining the sound of a piece of music, then you think (9) _______ can exist without sound. But most musical experiences involve producing or (10) _______ to physical characteristics of sound such as pitch and timbre (quality comparable to texture or color in sight).
Is the tape-recorded sound of a large metal-stamping machine music? Are 4 minutes (11) _______ 33 seconds of silence music? Is the activity of reading a (12) _______ of hundreds of seemingly unrelated objects, activities, and states of mind music? Each of these “(13) _______”, as well as many other sounds (or nonsounds), has been copyrighted (14) _______ a musical composition, performed, and recorded in the 20th century. One of the legacies of 20th-century music is to have blurred the definition of music as (15) _______ before.
Question 32:
A. title
B. book
C. list
D. menu
Read the following passage carefully, and then select the best option A, B, C or D to complete it
Music, artful arrangement of sounds (1) _______ time. This definition is obviously very broad, but a narrower one would exclude (2) _______ much. Music is part of virtually every culture on (3) _______, but it varies widely among cultures in style and structure. Definitions of music can (4) _______ dramatically over a short time, as they have across the world during the 20th (5) _________.
Can music exist without (6) _______? Some philosophers argue that music should be defined as a kind of “mental (7) _______” and that the physical aspects of sound are simply by-products of this image. If you (8) _______ you can have a musical experience by imagining the sound of a piece of music, then you think (9) _______ can exist without sound. But most musical experiences involve producing or (10) _______ to physical characteristics of sound such as pitch and timbre (quality comparable to texture or color in sight).
Is the tape-recorded sound of a large metal-stamping machine music? Are 4 minutes (11) _______ 33 seconds of silence music? Is the activity of reading a (12) _______ of hundreds of seemingly unrelated objects, activities, and states of mind music? Each of these “(13) _______”, as well as many other sounds (or nonsounds), has been copyrighted (14) _______ a musical composition, performed, and recorded in the 20th century. One of the legacies of 20th-century music is to have blurred the definition of music as (15) _______ before.
Question 30:
A. reading
B. speaking
C. listening
D. writing