Đặt \(A=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+\dfrac{1}{3^5}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{47}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{49}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{51}}\)
Và \(B=\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^4}+\dfrac{1}{3^6}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{46}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{48}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{50}}\)
Ta có:
\(9A=3+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{45}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{47}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{49}}\)
\(9A-A=\left(3+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{47}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{49}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{49}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{51}}\right)\)
\(8A=3-\dfrac{1}{3^{51}}\)
\(A=\dfrac{3-\dfrac{1}{3^{51}}}{8}\)
\(9B=1+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^4}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{44}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{46}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{48}}\)
\(9B-B=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{46}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{48}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^4}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{48}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{50}}\right)\)
\(8B=1-\dfrac{1}{3^{50}}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{1}{3^{50}}}{8}\)
Suy ra
\(-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{50}}-\dfrac{1}{3^{51}}=B-A=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{1}{3^{50}}}{8}-\dfrac{3-\dfrac{1}{3^{51}}}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3^{50}}\right)-\left(3-\dfrac{1}{3^{51}}\right)}{8}=\dfrac{-2-\dfrac{1}{3^{50}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{51}}}{8}=\dfrac{-2+\dfrac{-3^{51}+3^{50}}{3^{101}}}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{-2+\dfrac{3^{50}\left(-3+1\right)}{3^{101}}}{8}=\dfrac{-2-\dfrac{2}{3^{51}}}{8}=-\dfrac{2\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3^{51}}\right)}{8}=-\dfrac{1+\dfrac{1}{3^{51}}}{4}\)
