Bài 6: Phép trừ các phân thức đại số

Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}-\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}-\dfrac{b^2\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2b-a^2c-ab^2+b^2c+ac^2-bc^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a^2-b^2\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(ab+c^2\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(ab+c^2-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{c^2+ab-c}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)

MTC = (x - y)(x² + xy + y²)

\(\dfrac{1}{x-y}-\dfrac{3xy}{x^3-y^3}+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+xy+y^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2+xy+y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}-\dfrac{3xy}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}+\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2+xy+y^2-3xy+\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2+xy+y^2-3xy+x^2-2xy+y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2x^2-4xy+2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2+xy+y^2}\)

1/x-y-3xy/x^3-y^3+x-y/x^2+xy+y^2

=1/x-y+-3xy/(x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)+x-y/x^2+xy+y^2

=x^2+xy+y^2/(x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)+-3xy/(x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)+x^2-2xy+y^2/(x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)

=x^2+xy+y^2-3xy+x^2-2xy-y^2/(x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)

=2x^2-5xy/(x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)

MTC = (x - y)(x² + xy + y²)

\(\dfrac{1}{x-y}-\dfrac{3xy}{x^3-y^3}+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+xy+y^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2+xy+y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}-\dfrac{3xy}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}+\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2+xy+y^2-3xy+\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2+xy+y^2-3xy+x^2-2xy+y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2x^2-4xy+2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2+xy+y^2}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{-4x^2}{x^2-25}-\dfrac{2x^2+x}{x^2-25}-\dfrac{2x}{5-x}\)

\(=\dfrac{-4x^2-2x^2-x}{\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{2x}{x-5}\)

\(=\dfrac{-6x^2-x}{\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{2x\left(x+5\right)}{\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-6x^2-x+2x^2+10x}{\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-4x^2+9x}{\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)}\)

    \(\dfrac{-4+25}{x^2-25}-\dfrac{2x^2+x}{x^2-25}-\dfrac{2x}{5-x}\)

  = \(\dfrac{-4+25}{x^2-25}-\dfrac{2x^2+x}{x^2-25}+\dfrac{2x\left(x+5\right)}{x^2-25}\)

  = \(\dfrac{-4+25-2x^2-x+2x^2+10x}{x^2-25}\)

  = \(\dfrac{21+9x}{x^2-25}\)

=\(\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)^2}{x\left(x^2-9\right)}-\dfrac{x^2}{x\left(x^2-9\right)}\)

=\(\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)^2-x^2}{x\left(x^2-9\right)}\)

=\(\dfrac{x^2+6x+9-x^2}{x\left(x^2-9\right)}\)

=\(\dfrac{6x+9}{x\left(x^2+9\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{y}{x\left(y-5x\right)}+\dfrac{25x-15y}{\left(y-5x\right)\left(y+5x\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{y\left(y+5x\right)+25xy-15y^2}{x\left(y-5x\right)\left(y+5x\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{y^2+5xy+25xy-15y^2}{x\left(y-5x\right)\left(y+5x\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{y^2+30xy-15y^2}{x\left(y-5x\right)\left(y+5x\right)}\)

\(A =\frac{32x - 8x^{2} + 2x^{3}}{x^{3}+ 64}\)\(= \frac{2x(16 - 4x + x^{2})}{(x + 4)(x^{2} - 4x + 16)}= \frac{2x(x^{2} - 4x + 16)}{(x + 4)(x^{2} - 4x + 16)}= \frac{2x}{x + 4}\)

\(A=\dfrac{32x-8x^2+2x^3}{x^3+64}\)

\(=\dfrac{2x\left(16-4x+x^2\right)}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x^2-4x+16\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2x\left(x^2-4x+16\right)}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x^2-4x+16\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2x}{x+4}\).

b: \(=\dfrac{-1}{x\left(5x-1\right)}-\dfrac{25x-15}{\left(5x-1\right)\left(5x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-5x-1-25x^2+15x}{x\left(5x-1\right)\left(5x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-25x^2-10x-1}{x\left(5x-1\right)\left(5x+1\right)}=\dfrac{-\left(5x+1\right)}{x\left(5x-1\right)}\)

c: \(=\dfrac{x+9y}{\left(x-3y\right)\left(x+3y\right)}-\dfrac{3y}{x\left(x-3y\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2+9xy-3xy-9y^2}{x\left(x-3y\right)\left(x+3y\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2+6xy-9y^2}{x\left(x-3y\right)\left(x+3y\right)}\)

d: \(=\dfrac{3x+1}{\left(x-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{x+3}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{3x^2+4x+1-x^2+2x-1+x^2+2x-3}{\left(x-1\right)^2\cdot\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{3x^2+8x-3}{\left(x-1\right)^2\cdot\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{3x^2+9x-x-3}{\left(x-1\right)^2\cdot\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{3x+1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{3}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\left(x+1\right)}{x\left(x+1\right)}-\dfrac{x}{x\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{3x+3-x}{x\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2x+3}{x\left(x+1\right)}\)