a) \(\frac{45-\left(3x+9\right)}{13}=42\)
\(\Leftrightarrow45-\left(3x+9\right)=546\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x+9=-501\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x=-510\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-170\)
b) \(\left(x+1\right)+\left(2x+2\right)+...+\left(20x+20\right)=1050\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1+2x+2+...+20x+20=1050\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)+2\left(x+1\right)+....+20\left(x+1\right)=1050\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(1+2+3+...+20\right)=1050\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left[\frac{\left(20+1\right).20}{2}\right]=1050\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right).210=1050\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=4\)