gọi số đó là abcd (0<a\(\le9,0\le b,c,d\le9\))
theo bài ra ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}abcd=k^2\\\left(a+1\right)\left(b+3\right)\left(c+5\right)\left(d+3\right)=h^2\end{cases}}\left(k,h\varepsilonℕ;31< k,h\le99\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}1000a+100b+10c+d=k^2\\1000\left(a+1\right)+100\left(b+3\right)+10\left(c+5\right)+\left(d+3\right)=h^2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}1000a+100b+10c+d=k^2\\1000a+100b+10c+d+1353=h^2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow h^2-k^2=1353\)
Ta thấy (h-k)>(h+k) \(\forall h,k\varepsilonℕ^∗\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(h-k\right)\left(h+k\right)=1\cdot1353=3\cdot451=11\cdot123=33\cdot41\)
Xét \(\hept{\begin{cases}h-k=1\\h+k=1353\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}h=677\\k=676\end{cases}\left(loai\right)}\)
xét \(\hept{\begin{cases}h-k=3\\h+k=451\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}h=227\\k=224\end{cases}}\left(loai\right)\)
Xét \(\hept{\begin{cases}h-k=11\\h+k=123\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}h=67\\k=56\end{cases}}\left(nhan\right)\)
Xét \(\hept{\begin{cases}h-k=33\\h+k=41\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}h=37\\k=4\end{cases}}\left(loai\right)\)
Vậy k=56=>abcd=\(k^2=3136\)
