a) Đặt: \(x+13=a^2,x-2=b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-b^2=15\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)=15\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a-b=1,a+b=15\\a-b=3,a+b=5\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=8,b=7\Rightarrow x=51\\a=4,b=1\Rightarrow x=3\end{cases}}\)
b) Đặt \(x^2+6x+16=n^2\Leftrightarrow n^2-\left(x+3\right)^2=7\Leftrightarrow\left(n-x-3\right)\left(n+x+3\right)=7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}n-x-3=1\\n+x+3=7\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\n=4\end{cases}\Rightarrow x=0}\)
c) \(x^2+3x+9\)là số chính phương \(\Leftrightarrow4\left(x^2+3x+9\right)\)là số chính phương
Đặt \(4\left(x^2+3x+9\right)=m^2\Leftrightarrow m^2-\left(2x+3\right)=27\Leftrightarrow\left(m-2x-3\right)\left(m+2x+3\right)=27\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}m-2x-3=1,m+2x+3=27\\m-2x-3=3,m+2x+3=9\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}m=14,x=5\\m=6,x=0\end{cases}}}\)
d) Đặt \(x+26=k^3,x-11=l^3\)
\(\Rightarrow k^3-l^3=37\Leftrightarrow\left(k-l\right)\left(k^2+l^2+kl\right)=37\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}k-l=1\\k^2+l^2+kl=37\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow k=4,l=3\Rightarrow x=38\)
