a, = (x + y)5 - (x5 + y5)
= (x + y)5 - (x + y)(x4 - x3y + x2y2 - xy3 + y4)
= (x + y) [(x + y)4 - x4 + x3y - x2y2 + xy3 - y4]
= (x + y) (5x3y + 5x2y2 + 5xy3)
= 5xy(x + y)(x2 + xy + y2)
b, = x(x2 - 5xy - 14y2)
= x(x2 - 7xy + 2xy - 14y2)
= x(x + 2y)(x - 7y)