b) \(5x-5y+ax-ay \)
\(=\left(5x-5y\right)+\left(ax-ay\right)\)
\(=5.\left(x-y\right)+a.\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(5+a\right)\)
c) \(a^3-a^2x-ay+xy\)
\(=\left(a^3-a^2x\right)-\left(ay-xy\right)\)
\(=a^2\left(a-x\right)-y\left(a-x\right)\)
\(=\left(a-x\right)\left(a^2-y\right)\)