a) 16x2-(x2+4)2= (4x)2-(x2+4)2
= (4x-x2-4)(4x+x2+4)
\(\text{b) 27x^3-54x^2+36x-8=[(3x)^3-3.(3x)^2.2+3.3x.2^2-2^3}]\)
= (3x-2)3
\(\text{c) (x+y)^3 - (x-y)^3= (x+y-x+y)[(x+y)^2+(x+y)(x-y)+(x-y)^2]}\)
=2y(x2+2xy+y2+x2-y2+x2-2xy+y2)
= 2y(3x2+y2)