a) a b = a . ( − 1 ) b . ( − 1 ) = − a − b
b) ta có:
a b a b ¯ c d c d ¯ = a b a b ¯ : 101 c d c d ¯ : 101 = a b ¯ c d ¯ ; a b a b a b ¯ c d c d ¯ c d = a b a b a b ¯ : 10101 c d c d ¯ c d:10101 = a b ¯ c d ¯
do đó: a b a b ¯ c d c d ¯ = a b a b a b ¯ c d c d ¯ c d
c) a b a b ¯ a b a b a b ¯ = a b a b ¯ : a b ¯ a b a b a b ¯ : a b ¯ = 101 10101