ĐỀ THI KSCL HỌC SINH GIỎI LỚP 6,7,8 (lần 1)
Năm học 2020-2021
MÔN: HÓA HỌC 8
thời gian làm bài: 120 phút.
Câu 1: (4điểm)
1) Một nguyên tử X có tổng số hạt proton, electron và notron trong nguyên tử là 46. Biết trong hạt nhân nguyên tử số hạt mang điện ít hơn số hạt không mang điện là 1 hạt.
a) Tính số proton, electron và notron trong nguyên tử X.
b) Cho biết X thuộc nguyên tố hóa học nào.
2) Cho hình vẽ biểu diễn thí nghiệm của oxi với Fe như sau, em hãy:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
a) Điền đúng tên cho các kí hiệu 1, 2, 3 đã cho.
b) Nêu hiện tượng và viết phương trình hóa học của phản ứng.
c) Cho biết tác dụng của lớp nước mỏng hoặc lớp cát mỏng ở đáy bình.
Câu 2: (4 điểm): Lập PTHH cho các phản ứng sau:
1) CH4 + O2 → ...
2) C + O2 → ...
3) ... + O2 → K2O.
4) P + O2 → ...
5) FexOy + HCl → ... + H2O.
6) Fe + HNO3 → Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O.
7) FeS2 + O2 → Fe2O3 + SO2.
8) Fe3O4 + Al → Fe + Al2O3.
Câu 3: (4 điểm)
1) Tính khối lượng của từng nguyên tố có trong 37,6(g) Cu(NO3)2.
2) Để đốt cháy hoàn toàn 0,672(g) kim loại R chỉ cần dùng 80% lượng oxi sinh ra khi phân hủy 5,53(g) KMnO4. Hãy xác định kim loại R.
Câu 4: (4 điểm)
Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 17,2(g) một hợp chất A cần dùng hết 20,16 dm3 khí oxi (đktc). Sản phẩm cháy chỉ có CO2 và H2O với tỉ lệ về thể tích VCO2 : VH2O = 4 : 3 (đo cùng nhiệt độ và áp suất).
1) Tìm công thức phân tử của A. Biết 1 < dA/CO2 < 2.
2) Viết phương trình hóa học của phản ứng đốt cháy chất A.
Câu 5: (4 điểm)
Cho 13,44(l) hỗn hợp khí X gồm hiđro và axetilen(C2H2) có tỉ khối so với nitơ bằng 0,5. Mặt khác đốt cháy hoàn toàn 5,6(g) hỗn hợp X có thành phần như trên trong bình kín chứa 28,8(g) oxi. Phản ứng xong làm lạnh để ngưng tụ hết hơi nước thu được khí Y (thể tích các khí đo ở đktc)
1) Viết phương trình hóa học.
2) Tính thành phần % theo thể tích và theo khối lượng của hỗn hợp Y.
(Các bạn làm giúp mình bài khảo sát học sinh giỏi này nhé
)