\(A=n^n+5n^2-11n+5=n^n-n+5\left(n-1\right)^2\)
\(\text{Do }5\left(n-1\right)^2\text{ chia hết cho }\left(n-1\right)^2\text{ nên ta cần chứng minh }n^n-n\text{ chia hết cho }\left(n-1\right)^2\)
\(\text{Hay }\left(n+1\right)^{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)\text{ chia hết cho }n^2\left(n\ge1\right)\)
\(B=\left(n+1\right)^{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)=\left(n+1\right).\left(n+1\right)^n-\left(n+1\right)=\left(n+1\right)\left[\left(n+1\right)^n-1\right]\)
\(=\left(n+1\right)\left(n+1-1\right)\left[\left(n+1\right)^{n-1}+\left(n+1\right)^{n-2}+...+\left(n+1\right)^1+1\right]\)
\(=\left(n+1\right).n.\left[\left(n+1\right)^{n-1}+\left(n+1\right)^{n-2}+...+\left(n+1\right)+1\right]\)
\(\text{Để chứng minh }B\text{ chia hết cho }n^2\text{ thì ta chứng minh }\left[\left(n+1\right)^{n-1}+...+1\right]\text{ chia hết cho }n\)
\(\left(n+1\right)^{n-1}+...+1=\left(n+1\right)^{n-1}+...+\left(n+1\right)^0\text{ có }n\text{ số hạng}\)
\(\text{Ta thấy: }\left(n+1\right)^k=a_k.n^k+a_{k-1}.n^{k-1}+...+a_1.n^1+1\text{ với mọi số tự nhiên }k\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)^k\text{ chia }\left(n-1\right)\text{ luôn dư 1.}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)^{n-1};\left(n+1\right)^{n-2};....\left(n+1\right)^1;\left(n+1\right)^0\text{ (n số) chia n đều dư 1.}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)^{n-1}+...+\left(n+1\right)+1\text{ chia hết cho }n\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(n+1\right)n\left[\left(n+1\right)^{n-1}+...+1\right]\text{ chia hết cho }n^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)^{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)\text{ chia hết cho }n^2\text{ với mọi }n\ge1\)
\(n^2-n\text{ chia hết cho }\left(n-1\right)^2\text{ với mọi }n\in N;\text{ }n\ge2\)
\(\text{ }\)\(\Rightarrow n^2-n+5\left(n-1\right)^2\text{ chia hết cho }\left(n-1\right)^2\text{ với }n\in N;n\ge2\text{ (đpcm)}\)
