Ta có: \(a^6-1=\left(a^3+1\right)\left(a^3-1\right)\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)\)
* a không chia hết cho 7 nên a có 6 dạng: 7k + 1; 7k + 2; 7k + 3; 7k + 4; 7k + 5; 7k + 6
+) a = 7k + 1
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)\left(7k+1-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)\)
\(=7k\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)⋮7\)hay \(a^6-1⋮7\)
+) a = 7k + 2
\(\Rightarrow a^2=\left(7k+2\right)^2=49k^2+28k+4\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+a+1=\left(49k^2+28k+4+7k+2+1\right)\)
\(=49k^2+35k+7⋮7\)
Do đó \(\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)⋮7\)hay \(a^6-1⋮7\)
+) a = 7k + 3
\(\Rightarrow a^2=\left(7k+3\right)^2=49k^2+42k+9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+a+1=\left(49k^2+42k+9-7k-3+1\right)\)
\(=49k^2+35k+7⋮7\)
Do đó \(\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)⋮7\)hay \(a^6-1⋮7\)
+) a = 7k + 4
\(\Rightarrow a^2=\left(7k+4\right)^2=49k^2+56k+16\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+a+1=\left(49k^2+56k+16+7k+4+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+a+1=\left(49k^2+63k+21\right)⋮7\)
Do đó \(\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)⋮7\)hay \(a^6-1⋮7\)
+) a = 7k + 5
\(\Rightarrow a^2=\left(7k+5\right)^2=49k^2+70k+25\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-a+1=\left(49k^2+70k+25-7k-5+1\right)\)
\(=\left(49k^2+63k+21\right)⋮7\)
Do đó \(\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)⋮7\)hay \(a^6-1⋮7\)
+) a = 7k + 6
\(\Rightarrow a^2=\left(7k+6\right)^2=49k^2+84k+36\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+a+1=\left(49k^2+84k+36+7k+5+1\right)\)
\(=49k^2+91k+42⋮7\)
Do đó \(\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)⋮7\)hay \(a^6-1⋮7\)
Vậy \(a^6-1⋮7\)với mọi a không là bội của 7
