a ) \(Q=\frac{\left(a^3-1\right)-3a\left(a-1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}=\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)-3a\left(a-1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}=\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2-2a+1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a-1\right)^2}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}=\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{a+1}\)
b ) Để \(Q< 0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{a+1}< 0\)
Mà \(\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\) nên \(a+1< 0\Rightarrow a< -1\)
Vậy \(a< -1\)