Đặt a = y + z; b = z+ x; c = x+ y (a;b;c > 0)
=> x+ y + z = (a+b+c)/2
=> x= (a+b+c)/2 - a = (b+c- a)/2
y = (a+b+c)/2 - b = (a+c-b)/2; z = (a+b - c)/ 2
Khi đó \(P=\frac{b+c-a}{2a}+\frac{a+c-b}{2b}+\frac{a+b-c}{2c}=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}-1+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{b}-1+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}-1\right)\)
=> \(P=\frac{b+c-a}{2a}+\frac{a+c-b}{2b}+\frac{a+b-c}{2c}=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\left(\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)-3\right)\right)\)
AD BĐT Cô - si có: \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2;\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\ge2;\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\ge2\)
=> \(P\ge\frac{1}{2}.\left(2+2+2-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)=> Min P = 3/2
Dấu "=" khi a = b = c<=> x = y = z
Áp dụng Cauchy - Schwarz và AM-GM :
\(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{x+y}\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\frac{y^2}{yz+xy}+\frac{z^2}{xz+yz}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra tại x=y=z
