a) Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{8-x}{x+3}=\dfrac{-\left(x+3\right)+11}{x+3}=-1+\dfrac{11}{x+3}\) (ĐK: \(x\ne-3\))
Để \(M\in Z\) thì \(\left(x+3\right)\inƯ\left(11\right)=\left\{1;-1;11;-;11\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-2;-4;8;-14\right\}\) (TMĐK)
Vậy \(x\in\left\{-2;-4;8;-14\right\}\) thì \(M\in Z\)