Không mất tính tổng quát giả sử \(c=max\left\{a,b,c\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow2c\ge a+b\)
\(\Rightarrow c\ge\frac{a+b}{2}\)
Từ giả thiết \(\Rightarrow a,b\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow ab\le1\)( *)
Đặt \(P=\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}-\frac{5}{2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+\frac{1-ab}{a+b}}+\frac{1}{a+\frac{1-ab}{a+b}}-\frac{5}{2}\)
Đặt \(S=\frac{1}{a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}}+a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}-\frac{5}{2}\)
Xét hiệu \(P-S=\)\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+\frac{1-ab}{a+b}}+\frac{1}{a+\frac{1-ab}{a+b}}-\frac{5}{2}-\)\(-\frac{1}{a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}}-a-b-\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{5}{2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\frac{ab+b^2+1-ab}{a+b}}+\frac{1}{\frac{a^2+ab+1-ab}{a+b}}-\frac{1}{\frac{\left(a+\right)^2+1}{a+b}}-\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\frac{a+b}{b^2+1}+\frac{a+b}{c^2+1}-\left(a+b\right)\left[1+\frac{1}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(\frac{a+b}{b^2+1}+\frac{a+b}{c^2+1}-\left(a+b\right)\left[1+\frac{1}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{b^2+1}+\frac{a+b}{c^2+1}\ge\left(a+b\right)\left[1+\frac{1}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge1+\frac{1}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2+a^2+b^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{2+\left(a+b\right)^2}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2+b^2+a^2\right)\left[1+\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\ge\left[2+\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2+2\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+a^2+b^2\ge\left[2+\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\left(1+a^2+b^2+a^2b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2+2\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+a^2+b^2-2a^2b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\left(a+b\right)^2a^2b^2\)\(-2-2\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\left(a+b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2a^2b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2a^2b^2+a^2+b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left[ab\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab-2\right]\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab-2\le0\)( do a,b \(\ge0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(1-ab\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)^2\le2c\left(a+b\right)\) (1)
Mà \(c\ge\frac{a+b}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2c\left(a+b\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
Ta có: \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge ab\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\left(1-ab\right)\ge0\)( đúng do (*) )
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\)đúng
\(\Rightarrow P-S\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge S\)
Ta phải chứng minh \(S\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}}+a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{5}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{5}{2}\) (2)
Đặt \(x=\frac{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b}\)
Ta có: \(1+\left(a+b\right)^2\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-1\right)^2\ge0\)( đúng )
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b}\ge2\)
=> (2) có dạng \(x+\frac{1}{x}\ge\frac{5}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-5x+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\ge0\)( đúng )
\(\Rightarrow S\ge0\)mà \(P\ge S\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\ge\frac{5}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=1\\ab+bc+ca=1\\ab\left[ab\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab-2\right]=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=c=1;b=0\\b=c=1;a=0\end{cases}}\)
sửa một chút là cái dòng thứ 4 là từ giả thiết\(\Rightarrow0\le a,b\le1\)
