Ta có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ab=-bc-ca\\bc=-ca-ab\\ca=-ab-bc\end{cases}}\)
Thay vào ta được: \(\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}=\frac{a^2}{a^2+bc-ca-ab}=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^2}{b^2+2ca}=\frac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\) ; \(\frac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}=\frac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=-\left[\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\right]\)
\(=-\left[\frac{a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(a^2+bc-ca-ab\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=1\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow ab+ac+bc=0\)
\(\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}=\frac{a^2}{a^2-ab-ac+bc}=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^2}{b^2+2ac}=\frac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)};\frac{c^2}{c^2+2ac}=\frac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{b^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}=1\)
