1/ Ta có : -20 < x < 21
=> x \(\in\){ -19 ; -18 ; ... ; 18 ; 19 ; 20 }
=> -19 - 19 - ... + 18 + 19 + 20
= 20 + [ ( -19 ) + 19 ] + [ ( -18) + 18 ] + ... + [ ( -1 ) + 1 ] + 0
= 20
2/ -27 < x \(\le\)27
=> x \(\in\){ -26 ; -25; ...; 25 ; 26 ; 27 }
=> -26 -25 - ... + 25 + 26+ 27
= 27 + ( 26 - 26 ) + ( 25 - 25 ) + ... + ( 1 - 1 ) + 0
= 27
3/ | x | \(\le\)3
=> x \(\in\){ -3 ; -2 ; -1 ; 0 ; 1 ; 2 ;3 }
=> -3 - 2 - 1 + 0 + 1 + 2 + 3
= ( 3 -3 ) + ( 2-2 ) + ( 1 - 1 ) + 0
= 0
4/| -x| < 5
=> x \(\in\){ -4 ; -3 ; ... ; 3 ; 4 }
=> -4 -3 - ... + 3 + 4
= ( 4 - 4 ) + ( 3 - 3 ) + ( 2 -2 ) + ( 1 -1 ) + 0
= 0