Bài 1.
A = x2 + 2xy + y2 = ( x + y )2 = ( -1 )2 = 1
B = x2 + y2 = ( x2 + 2xy + y2 ) - 2xy = ( x + y )2 - 2xy = (-1)2 - 2.(-12) = 1 + 24 = 25
C = x3 + 3xy( x + y ) + y3 = ( x3 + y3 ) + 3xy( x + y ) = ( x + y )( x2 - xy + y2 ) + 3xy( x + y )
= -1( 25 + 12 ) + 3.(-12).(-1)
= -37 + 36
= -1
D = x3 + y3 = ( x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 ) - 3x2y - 3xy2 = ( x + y )3 - 3xy( x + y ) = (-1)3 - 3.(-12).(-1) = -1 - 36 = -37
Bài 2.
M = 3( x2 + y2 ) - 2( x3 + y3 )
= 3( x2 + y2 ) - 2( x + y )( x2 - xy + y2 )
= 3( x2 + y2 ) - 2( x2 - xy + y2 )
= 3x2 + 3y2 - 2x2 + 2xy - 2y2
= x2 + 2xy + y2
= ( x + y )2 = 12 = 1
Bài 3.
x + y = -3
<=> ( x + y )2 = 9
<=> x2 + 2xy + y2 = 9
<=> 29 + 2xy = 9
<=> 2xy = -20
<=> xy = -10
x3 + y3 = ( x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 ) - 3x2y - 3xy2 = ( x + y )3 - 3xy( x + y ) = ( -3 )3 - 3.(-10).(-3) = -27 - 90 = -117
Bài 4.
x - y = 5
<=> ( x - y )2 = 25
<=> x2 - 2xy + y2 = 25
<=> 15 - 2xy = 25
<=> 2xy = -10
<=> xy = -5
x3 - y3 = ( x3 - 3x2y + 3xy2 - y3 ) + 3x2y - 3xy2 = ( x - y )3 + 3xy( x - y ) = 53 + 3.(-5).5 = 125 - 75 = 50