Bài 1 :
a) Ta có :
\(4n-7=4n+12-19=4.\left(n+3\right)-19\)
Ta thấy \(4.\left(n+3\right)⋮n+3\Rightarrow\left(-19\right)⋮n+3\Rightarrow\left(n+3\right)\inƯ\left(-19\right)\)
\(Ư\left(-19\right)=\left\{1;-1;19;-19\right\}\)
Do đó :
\(n+3=1\Rightarrow n=1-3=-2\)
\(n+3=-1\Rightarrow n=-1-3=-4\)
\(n+3=19\Rightarrow n=19-3=16\)
\(n+3=-19\Rightarrow n=-19-3=-22\)
Vậy \(n\in\left\{-2;-4;16;-22\right\}\)
BÀI 2:
a chia 8 dư 7 \(\Rightarrow\)\(a-7\)\(⋮\)\(8\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a-7+128\)\(⋮\)\(8\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+121\)\(⋮\)\(8\)
a chia 125 dư 4 \(\Rightarrow\)\(a-4\)\(⋮\)\(125\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a-4+125\)\(⋮\)\(125\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+121\) \(⋮\)\(125\)
suy ra: \(a+121\)\(\in BC\left(8;125\right)=B\left(1024\right)=\left\{0;1024;2048;3072;...\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a\)\(\in\left\{903;1927;....\right\}\)
mà \(100< a< 1000\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a=903\)