`Answer:`
1. \(S=\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{80}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\left(\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{61}+...+\frac{1}{80}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S>\left(\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{80}+...+\frac{1}{80}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S>20.\frac{1}{60}+20.\frac{1}{80}\)
\(\Rightarrow S>\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow S>\frac{7}{12}\)
2. \(S=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2009^2}\)
Ta có:
\(2^2< 1.2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}\)
\(3^2< 2.3\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}\)
\(4^2< 3.4\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4^2}< \frac{1}{3.4}\)
...
\(2009^2< 2008.2009\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2009^2}< \frac{1}{2008.2009}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2008.2009}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2008}-\frac{1}{2009}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 1-\frac{1}{2009}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 1\)
3. \(\frac{3}{5.8}+\frac{11}{8.19}+\frac{12}{19.31}+\frac{70}{31.101}+\frac{99}{101.200}\)
\(=\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{31}-\frac{1}{101}+\frac{1}{101}-\frac{1}{200}\)
\(=\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{200}\)
\(=\frac{39}{200}\)
