a: =(x-2)(x+2)-3(x-2)
=(x-2)(x-1)
b: \(=\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)-y\left(x-5\right)=\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5-y\right)\)
c: \(=x^3-8+x^2-2x\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)+x\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+3x+4\right)\)
d: \(=x^3+8-4x\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)-4x\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-6x+4\right)\)