Bài 3: Lôgarit

Đặt \(2^x=t>0\) ta được:

\(t^2-5t+4=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\\t=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2^x=1\\2^x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

ĐKXĐ:
1.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1>0\\log_2\left(x-1\right)-1>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>1\\x-1>2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x>3\)

2.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1>0\\x-1\ne1\\\dfrac{x}{2-x^2}>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>1\\x\ne2\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x< -\sqrt{2}\\0< x< \sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow1< x< \sqrt{2}\)

\(a;b>0\Rightarrow3a+2b+1>1\)

\(\Rightarrow log_{3a+2b+1}\left(9a^2+b^2+1\right)\) đồng biến

Mà \(9a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{9a^2b^2}=6ab\Rightarrow log_{3a+2b+1}\left(9a^2+b^2+1\right)\ge log_{3a+2b+1}\left(6ab+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow log_{3a+2b+1}\left(9a^2+b^2+1\right)+log_{6ab+1}\left(3a+2b+1\right)\ge log_{3a+2b+1}\left(6ab+1\right)+log_{6ab+1}\left(3a+2b+1\right)\ge2\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}log_{6ab+1}\left(3a+2b+1\right)=1\\3a=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6ab+1=3a+2b+1\\b=3a\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow18a^2+1=3a+6a+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow18a^2-9a=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\\b=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(16a^2+b^2+1\ge8ab+1\)

\(\Rightarrow log_{4a+5b+1}\left(16a^2+b^2+1\right)+log_{8ab+1}\left(4a+5b+1\right)\ge2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=4a\\4a+5b+1=8ab+1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{3}{4}\\b=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đáp án D

Bạn coi lại đề câu a, chỗ \(\log_5-x\) đó

b.

\(\Leftrightarrow9^x-3^x-2.3^x-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3^x\left(3^x-1\right)-2\left(3^x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3^x-2\right)\left(3^x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3^x=2\\3^x=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\log_32\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Điều kiện xác định : 3\(^x\)>2

Ta có: \(\log_2\left(4.3^x-6\right)=\log_2\left(2\sqrt{2}\right).\log_{2\sqrt{2}}\left(4.3^x-6\right)\)

\(\log_2\left(4.3^x-6\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\log_{2\sqrt{2}}\left(9^x-6\right)=1\left(1\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\log_2\left(2\sqrt{2}\right)\log_{2\sqrt{2}}\left(4.3^x-6\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\log_{2\sqrt{2}}\left(9^x-6\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\log_{2\sqrt{2}}\left(4.3^x-6\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\log_{2\sqrt{2}}\left(9^x-6\right)=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}[\log_{2\sqrt{2}}\left(4.3^x-6\right)-\log_{2\sqrt{2}}\left(9^X-6\right)]=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\log_{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{4.3^X-6}{9^X-6}\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\log_{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{4.3^X-6}{9^X-6}\right)=\log_{2\sqrt{2}}\left(2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4.3^X-6}{9^X-6}=2\Leftrightarrow4.3^X-6=2.9^X-12\)\(\Leftrightarrow2.(3^X)^2-4.3^X-6=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3^X=3\left(TM\right)\\3^X=-1\left(loai\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x=1.\)Vậy x=1 là nghiệm của phương trình (1)