Bài 3: Đạo hàm của hàm số lượng giác

\(y=\log_2\left(\frac{x-4}{x+4}\right)\Rightarrow y'=\frac{\frac{8}{\left(x+4\right)^2}}{\left(\frac{x-4}{x+4}\right)\ln2}=\frac{8}{\left(x^2-16\right)\ln2}\)

\(y=\log\left(\frac{1-\sqrt{x}}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)\Rightarrow y'=\frac{\left(\frac{1-\sqrt{x}}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)'}{\frac{1-\sqrt{x}}{x^2}\ln10}=\frac{-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}.2\sqrt{x}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}.\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)}{\frac{1-\sqrt{x}}{2\sqrt{x}}\ln10}\)

                                 \(=\frac{-1-\frac{1-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}}{4x.\frac{1-\sqrt{x}}{2\sqrt{x}}\ln10}=\frac{1}{2x\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\ln10}\)

Ta có : \(f\left(x\right)=\frac{1-\cos2ax}{2}.\cos bx=\frac{1}{2}\cos bx-\frac{1}{2}\cos2ax.\cos bx\)

                    \(=\frac{1}{2}\cos bx-\frac{\cos\left(2a+b\right)x+\cos\left(2a-b\right)x}{4}\)

                    \(=\frac{1}{2}\cos bx-\frac{1}{4}\cos\left(2a+b\right)x-\frac{1}{4}\cos\left(2a-b\right)x\)

\(f^{\left(n\right)}\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2}.b^n\cos\left(bx+\frac{b\pi}{2}\right)-\frac{1}{4}\left(2a+b\right)^n\cos\left[\left(2a+b\right)x+\frac{n\pi}{2}\right]-\frac{1}{4}\left(2a-b\right)^n\cos\left[\left(2a-b\right)x+\frac{n\pi}{2}\right]\)

Áp dụng : Khi a=1,b=2 tức là nếu \(f\left(x\right)=\sin^2x\cos2x\) ta có :

\(f^{\left(n\right)}\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2}.2^n\cos\left(2x+\frac{n\pi}{2}\right)-\frac{1}{4}.4^n\cos\left(4x+\frac{n\pi}{2}\right)\)

            \(=2^{n-1}\cos\left(2x+\frac{n\pi}{2}\right)-4^{n-1}\cos\left(4x+\frac{n\pi}{2}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow y'=\frac{2\left(\ln x\right)\frac{1}{x}}{3\sqrt[3]{\ln^4x}}=\frac{2}{3x\sqrt[3]{\ln x}}\)

\(y'=\frac{e^x}{2\sqrt{e^x}}+3.e^{3x-1}-\left(-\sin x+\cos x\right)5^{\sin x+\cos x}\ln5\)

    \(=\frac{\sqrt{e^x}}{2}+3e^{3x-1}+\left(\sin x+\cos x\right).5^{\sin x+\cos x}\ln5\)

Ta có \(f\left(x\right)=\sin ax\)

         \(f'\left(x\right)=a\cos ax=a\sin\left(ax+\frac{\pi}{2}\right)\)

        \(f''\left(x\right)=a^2\cos\left(ax+\frac{\pi}{2}\right)=a^2\sin\left(ax+\frac{\pi}{2}+\frac{\pi}{2}\right)\)

        \(f'''\left(x\right)=a^3\cos\left(ax+\pi\right)=a^3\sin\left(ax+\pi+\frac{\pi}{2}\right)=a^3\sin\left(ax+\frac{3\pi}{2}\right)\)

Dự đoán \(f^{\left(n\right)}\left(x\right)=a^n\sin\left(ax+\frac{n\pi}{2}\right)\left(1\right)\)

(1) được chứng minh bằng quy nạp như sau :

- (1) đúng khi n = 1,2,2

- Giả sử (1) đã đúng đến n. Ta phải chứng minh 

\(f^{\left(n+1\right)}\left(x\right)=a^{n+1}\sin\left(ax+\frac{\left(n+1\right)\pi}{2}\right)\)

Theo giả thiết quy nạp ta có :

\(f^{\left(n+1\right)}\left(x\right)=\left(f^{\left(n\right)}\left(x\right)\right)'=\left(a^n\sin\left(ax+\frac{n\pi}{2}\right)\right)=a^n.a\cos\left(ax+\frac{n\pi}{2}\right)=a^{n+1}\sin\left(ax+\frac{n\pi}{2}+\frac{n\pi}{2}\right)=a^{n+1}\sin\left(ax+\frac{\left(n+1\right)\pi}{2}\right)\)

Vậy (2) đúng.

Theo nguyên lý quy nạp suy ra (1) đúng.

Như vậy ta có : 

\(f^{\left(n\right)}\left(x\right)=a^n\sin\left(ax+\frac{n\pi}{2}\right)\)

Ta có \(y'=\frac{\cos\left(\ln x\right)-\sin\left(\ln x\right)}{x}\)

                 \(\Rightarrow y"=\frac{x.\frac{-\sin\left(\ln x\right)-\cos\left(\ln x\right)}{x}-\left[\cos\left(\ln x\right)-\sin\left(\ln x\right)\right]}{x^2}=\frac{-2\cos\left(\ln x\right)}{x^2}\)

Ta có : 

            \(y+xy'+x^2y"=\sin\left(\ln x\right)+\cos\left(\ln x\right)+\cos\left(\ln x\right)-\sin\left(\ln x\right)-2\cos\left(\ln x\right)=0\)

Ta có :

\(y'=\sin x+x\cos x\)

\(y"=\cos x+\cos x-x\sin x=2\cos x-x\sin x\)

Vậy \(xy-2\left(y'-\sin x\right)+xy"=x^2\sin x-2\left(\sin x-x\cos x-\sin x\right)+2x\cos x-x^2\sin x=0\)

y'= \(3x^2\)-2

\(y'=\frac{2x}{x^2+1}+\frac{2x-1}{\left(x^2-x+1\right)\ln2}\)