a)
\(x^2-4x+4=25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x-21=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x-7x-21=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+3\right)-7\left(x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-7\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=7\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(\dfrac{x-17}{1990}+\dfrac{x-21}{1986}+\dfrac{x+1}{1004}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-17}{1990}-1+\dfrac{x-21}{1986}-1+\dfrac{x+1}{1004}-2=4-1-1-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-17-1990}{1990}+\dfrac{x-21-1986}{1986}+\dfrac{x+1-2008}{1004}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2007}{1990}+\dfrac{x-2007}{1986}+\dfrac{x-2007}{1004}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2007\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{1990}+\dfrac{1}{1986}+\dfrac{1}{1004}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-2007=0\) ( Vì: \(\dfrac{1}{1990}+\dfrac{1}{1986}+\dfrac{1}{1004}\ne0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2007\)
c.
\(4^x-12.2^x+32=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2^x\right)^2-12.2^x+36-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2^x-2.2^x.6+6^2-2^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2^x-6\right)^2-2^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2^x-6-2\right)\left(2^x-6+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2^x-8\right)\left(2^x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2^x-8=0\\2^x-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2^x=8\\2^x=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
