\(x:y:z=4:5:6\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{4}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}=k\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4k\\y=5k\\z=6k\end{matrix}\right.\\ x^2-2y^2+z^2=18\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(4k\right)^2-2\left(5k\right)^2+\left(6k\right)^2=18\\ \Leftrightarrow16k^2-50k^2+36k^2=18\\ \Leftrightarrow2k^2=18\\ \Leftrightarrow k^2=9\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}k=3\\k=-3\end{matrix}\right.\\ k=3\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4k=4\cdot3=12\\y=5k=5\cdot3=15\\z=6k=6\cdot3=18\end{matrix}\right.\\ k=-3\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4k=4\cdot\left(-3\right)=-12\\y=5k=5\cdot\left(-3\right)=-15\\z=6k=6\cdot\left(-3\right)=-18\end{matrix}\right.\)
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