Lời giải:
Tìm max:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(P^2=(\sqrt{1+2x}+\sqrt{1+2y})^2\leq (1+2x+1+2y)(1+1)=4(x+y+1)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\((x+y)^2\leq 2(x^2+y^2)=2\Rightarrow x+y\leq \sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\leq 4(x+y+1)\leq 4(\sqrt{2}+1)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\leq 2\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+1}\)
Vậy \(P_{\max}=2\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+1}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\)
Tìm min:
Vì \(x^2+y^2=1\Rightarrow x^2\leq 1; y^2\leq 1\Rightarrow x,y\leq 1\). Kết hợp với \(x,y\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow 0\leq x,y\leq 1\Rightarrow x^2\leq x; y^2\leq y\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\leq x+y\)
Do đó:
\(P^2=2+2(x+y)+2\sqrt{(1+2x)(1+2y)}\)
\(=2+2(x+y)+2\sqrt{1+2(x+y)+4xy}\geq 2+2(x^2+y^2)+2\sqrt{1+2(x^2+y^2)}=4+2\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq \sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}+1\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\sqrt{3}+1\Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(1,0)\) và hoán vị.
