Lời giải:
Ta thấy:
$(7x-5y)^{2018}\geq 0, \forall x,y$
$(3x-2z)^{2020}\geq 0, \forall x,z$
$(xy+yz+xz-4500)^{2022}\geq 0, \forall x,y,z$
Do đó để tổng $(7x-5y)^{2018}+(3x-2z)^{2020}+(xy+yz+xz-4500)^{2022}=0$ thì:
$(7x-5y)^{2018}=(3x-2z)^{2020}=(xy+yz+xz-4500)^{2022}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow$ \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 7x=5y(1)\\ 3x=2z(2)\\ xy+yz+xz=4500(3)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ $(1);(2)\Rightarrow y=\frac{7}{5}x; z=\frac{3}{2}x$
Thay vào $(3)$:
$x.\frac{7}{5}x+\frac{7}{5}x.\frac{3}{2}x+x.\frac{3}{2}x=4500$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2=900\Rightarrow x=\pm 30$
Nếu $x=30\Rightarrow y=42; z=45$
Nếu $x=-30\Rightarrow y=-42; z=-45$
Cách khác:
\(\left(7x-5y\right)^{2018}+\left(3x-2z\right)^{2020}+\left(xy+yz+zx-4500\right)^{2022}=0\)
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(7x-5y\right)^{2018}\ge0\\\left(3x-2z\right)^{2020}\ge0\\\left(xy+yz+zx-4500\right)^{2022}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\forall x,y,z.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(7x-5y\right)^{2018}+\left(3x-2z\right)^{2020}+\left(xy+yz+zx-4500\right)^{2022}\ge0\) \(\forall x,y,z.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(7x-5y\right)^{2018}+\left(3x-2z\right)^{2020}+\left(xy+yz+zx-4500\right)^{2022}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(7x-5y\right)^{2018}=0\\\left(3x-2z\right)^{2020}=0\\\left(xy+yz+zx-4500\right)^{2022}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7x-5y=0\\3x-2z=0\\xy+yz+zx-4500=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7x=5y\\3x=2z\\xy+yz+zx=4500\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{7}\\\frac{x}{2}=\frac{z}{3}\\xy+yz+zx=4500\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{14}\\\frac{x}{10}=\frac{z}{15}\\xy+yz+zx=4500\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{14}=\frac{z}{15}\\xy+yz+zx=4500\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{14}=\frac{z}{15}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10k\\y=14k\\z=15k\end{matrix}\right.\)
Có: \(xy+yz+zx=4500\)
\(\Rightarrow10k.14k+14k.15k+15k.10k=4500\)
\(\Rightarrow140.k^2+210.k^2+150.k^2=4500\)
\(\Rightarrow k^2.\left(140+210+150\right)=4500\)
\(\Rightarrow k^2.500=4500\)
\(\Rightarrow k^2=4500:500\)
\(\Rightarrow k^2=9\)
\(\Rightarrow k=\pm3.\)
+ TH1: \(k=3.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10.3=30\\y=14.3=42\\z=15.3=45\end{matrix}\right.\)
+ TH2: \(k=-3.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10.\left(-3\right)=-30\\y=14.\left(-3\right)=-42\\z=15.\left(-3\right)=-45\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(30;42;45\right),\left(-30;-42;-45\right).\)
Chúc bạn học tốt!
