a)2(x - y)(x + y) + (x + y)2+ (x - y)2
=2.x2-y2 +x2+2xy+y2+x2-2xy+y2
=(2x2+x2+x2)+(-y2+y2+y2)+(2xy-2xy)
=4x2+y2
b)(x - y + z)2+ (z - y)2+ 2(x - y + z)(y - z)
=x2-y2+z2+z2-2zy+y2+2x-2y2+2z2
=(-y2+y2-2y2 ) +(z2+z2+2z2) +x2-2zy+2x
=-2y2 +4z2+x2-2xy +2x