a) \(4ab+a^2-3a-12b=a\left(4b+a\right)-3\left(4b+a\right)=\left(a-3\right)\left(4b+a\right)\)
b) \(x^3+3x^2+3x+1-27y^3=\left(x+1\right)^3-27y^3=\left(x+1-3y\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+3y\left(x+1\right)+9y^2\right]=\left(x+1-3y\right)\left(x^2+2x+1+3xy+3y+9y^2\right)\)