Ta có:
\(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(a+b+c+36abc\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+3+36\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{ca}+3+36\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{bc}+\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{ca}-3+36\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}-3+36\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{4}{ab+bc+ca}+36\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4.36\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{ab+bc+ca}}-3=21\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Lời giải:
Nếu bạn học dồn biến- thừa trừ rồi thì có thể làm như sau:
$P=\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}(1+36abc)=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+36(ab+bc+ac)=f(a,b,c)$
Giả sử $c=\max(a,b,c)$. Ta sẽ chứng minh $f(a,b,c)\geq f(\frac{a+b}{2}, \frac{a+b}{2}, c)$
Thật vậy:
\(f(a,b,c)- f(\frac{a+b}{2}, \frac{a+b}{2}, c)=\frac{(a+b)^2-4ab}{ab(a+b)}+36.\frac{4ab-(a+b)^2}{4}\)
\(=\frac{(a-b)^2}{ab(a+b)}-9(a-b)^2=(a-b)^2(\frac{1}{ab(a+b)}-9)\)
Vì $c=\max (a,b,c)$ mà $a+b+c=1\Rightarrow a+b\leq \frac{2}{3}$
$\Rightarrow ab\leq \frac{1}{4}(a+b)^2\leq \frac{1}{9}$
$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{ab(a+b)}\geq \frac{27}{2}$
$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{ab(a+b)}-9>0$
Do đó: $f(a,b,c)\geq f(\frac{a+b}{2}, \frac{a+b}{2}, c)$
Mà:
$f(\frac{a+b}{2}, \frac{a+b}{2}, c)-21=\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c}+36[\frac{(a+b)^2}{4}+c(a+b)]-21$
$=\frac{4}{1-c}+\frac{1}{c}+9(1-c)^2+36c(1-c)-21$
$=\frac{3c+1}{c(1-c)}+9(1-c)^2+36c(1-c)-21$
$=(3c-1)^2.\frac{3c^2-3c+1}{c(1-c)}\geq 0$ với mọi $1>c\geq \frac{1}{3}$
Do đó $f(\frac{a+b}{2}, \frac{a+b}{2}, c)\geq 21$
$\Rightarrow f(a,b,c)\geq 21$
Hay $P_{\min}=21$
