Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(P=\frac{4}{a}+\frac{1}{4b}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{4b}\geq \frac{(1+1+1+1+1)^2}{a+a+a+a+4b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\geq \frac{25}{4(a+b)}=\frac{25}{4.\frac{5}{4}}=5\)
Vậy $P_{\min}=5$. Giá trị này đạt được tại $a=1; b=\frac{1}{4}$
Cách khác
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki :
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{1}{4b}\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{a}\cdot\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}}+\sqrt{b}\cdot\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b}}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{5}{4}\cdot\left(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{1}{4b}\right)\ge\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{5}{4}\cdot\left(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{1}{4b}\right)\ge\frac{25}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4}{a}+\frac{1}{4b}\ge5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}}}=\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b}}}\\a+b=\frac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4b\\a+b=\frac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=\frac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
